Highlights
- •Coffee and caffeine might be weakly associated with breast cancer risk for postmenopausal women.
- •A strong and significant association was found for BRCA1 mutation carriers.
Abstract
Objective
We conducted an updated meta-analysis to summarize the evidence from published studies
regarding the association of coffee and caffeine intake with breast cancer risk.
Methods
Pertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed and by reviewing the reference
lists of retrieved articles. The fixed or random effect model was used based on heterogeneity
test. The dose–response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline model
and multivariate random-effect meta-regression.
Results
37 published articles, involving 59,018 breast cancer cases and 966,263 participants,
were included in the meta-analysis. No significant association was found between breast
cancer risk and coffee (RR = 0.97, P = 0.09), decaffeinated coffee (RR = 0.98, P = 0.55) and caffeine (RR = 0.99, P = 0.73), respectively. And the association was still not significant when combining
coffee and caffeine (coffee/caffeine) (RR = 0.97, P = 0.09). However, an inverse association of coffee/caffeine with breast cancer risk
was found for postmenopausal women (RR = 0.94, P = 0.02), and a strong and significant association of coffee with breast cancer risk
was found for BRCA1 mutation carriers (RR = 0.69, P < 0.01). A linear dose–response relationship was found for breast cancer risk with coffee
and caffeine, and the risk of breast cancer decreased by 2% (P = 0.05) for every 2 cups/day increment in coffee intake, and 1% (P = 0.52) for every 200 mg/day increment in caffeine intake, respectively.
Conclusions
Findings from this meta-analysis suggested that coffee/caffeine might be weakly associated
with breast cancer risk for postmenopausal women, and the association for BRCA1 mutation
carriers deserves further investigation.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
March 17,
2013
Received:
February 1,
2013
Identification
Copyright
© 2013 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
